BELOC ZOK

introduction

Belok zok® is a drug that is used for cardiovascular diseases. It belongs to the drug class of ß-blockers (Beta-blockers) and contains the drug metoprolol.
The beta receptors are divided into three subgroups. ß1 receptors are found on the heart, where their activation leads to the heart beating faster (positive chronotropic) and with more force (positive inotropic).

In addition, ß1 receptors are found in the kidneys, where their activation leads to the release of the hormone renin. The result is an increase in blood pressure. ß2 receptors are found in the muscles of the bronchi, uterus and blood vessels of the skeletal muscles. Activation of these receptors leads to expansion. Finally, ß3 receptors are found in adipose tissue, where when activated they cause its dissolution (lipolysis) and contribute to temperature regulation. Beloc zok® mainly acts on the ß1 receptors in the heart and kidneys. Beloc zok® requires a prescription and should not be stopped abruptly after prolonged therapy.

Mode of action

Beloc zok® acts on the cardiovascular system by blocking the localized ß1 receptors. In the heart, these receptors are found in the cells where the electrical activity of the heart's action originates and is transmitted (Arousal formation and conduction system). You can also find them on the Coronary arteries. A stimulation of the ß1 receptors usually causes a Increase in heart rate and a increased impact. By blocking these receptors, Belok zok® therefore causes a decrease in heart rate and impact force. The excitation is conducted more slowly. This also reduces the likelihood of an irregular heartbeat.
However, the blood pressure lowering effect comes from Beloc zok® less because of the blockage of the ß1 receptors in the heart. Rather, it is responsible for the largest part of the blood pressure lowering effect Blockage of the receptors in the kidney. Because this is how the hormone renin is not released. Renin is normally produced in the kidney by specialized cells (juxtaglomerular apparatus) released into the bloodstream. This is followed by a cascade with the release and activation of numerous other substances that ultimately increase blood pressure. Through the Blockage of the ß1 receptors in the kidney, the cascade is interrupted early on. Please note, however, that the release of renin through ß1-receptor stimulation in the kidney is only one of a total of three pathways. So despite the blockage of the β1 receptors, there is still a certain release of the hormone renin.

Pharmacokinetics

Beloc zok® (Metoprolol) is usually taken orally as a tablet and absorbed through the intestinal mucosa. Since that blood, which one Intestines supplied, initially via the liver is conducted, this then directly eliminates about half of the active ingredient by absorbing and metabolizing it. Through this so-called First pass effect only about 50% of the originally supplied active ingredient is available to the organism. To 12 hours the effective level in the blood is then highest and after about 4 - 5 hours half of the active ingredient is broken down (Elimination half-life).
Belok zok® or metoprolol is broken down by an enzyme (CYP2D6) in the liver. The products of the metabolic process in the liver get back into the blood and are then excreted through the kidneys and urine.

application

Belok zok® or. Metoprolol is used for cardiovascular diseases. These include:

high blood pressure (hypertension)

Cardiac arrhythmias

Heart attack therapy

coronary heart disease (affects the coronary arteries)

Heart failure (Heart failure)

The active ingredient metoprolol is also used in the Migraine therapy. There it is mainly used for the prophylaxis of a migraine attack.
Beta blockers (Belok zok) can also be used locally as Eye ointment in the Glaucoma Therapy (Green Star) Find application. At a Overactive thyroid (Hyperthyroidism) Metoprolol is also used.